茶园假眼小绿叶蝉低残高效农药精量化研究
时间：2021-02-08 08:02:35 来源：雅意学习网 本文已影响 人 
摘要 [目的]在尽可能降低农药施用量及投入成本情况下，调查茶园新型非水溶性农药帕力特施用浓度、施药机械、施药后叶蝉虫口减退率、防效、茶园产量产值等数据，探索茶园的最适施用浓度及方法。[方法]通过采用不同帕力特施用浓度、不同施药机械进行对比试验。[结果]在用药允许范围内施用帕力特450 mL/hm2时叶蝉减退率最高达92.74%、防效最高达95.25%，且收益较对照组高3 085.5 元/hm2、较低浓度组（225 mL/hm2）收益高2 065.5 元/hm 防治效果及综合效益显著强于对照及低浓度组;不同施药机械试验组使用机动喷雾器时叶蝉减退率最高达96.53%、防效最高达96.52%，较常用人工喷雾而言节省成本52.5 元/hm2、工效提高3.3倍，防治效果及综合效益显著强于电动组及人工组。[结论]结合虫口减退率、防效、成本及经济效益分析，建议在条件允许范围内使用机动喷雾器进行帕力特450 mL/hm2浓度喷施。
关键词 叶蝉;帕力特;精量化;防效;减退率;机动喷雾;成本
中图分类号 S48文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611（2019）04-0136-04
Abstract [Objective]Under the condition of reducing the pesticide application rate and input cost as much as possible， the data of the new nonwatersoluble pesticide Parit application concentration in tea garden， the application mechanism， the reduction rate of Empoasca vitis mouth， the control effect， the output value of tea garden production and other data were investigated to explore the tea garden.[Method]A comparative test was conducted by applying different concentrations of Parit and different spraying machines.[Result]Compared with the low concentration group （225 mL/hm2）， the reduction rate of Empoasca vitis mouth was up to 92.74%， the control effect was up to 95.25%， and the benefit was 3 085.5 yuan/hm2 higher than the control group，and 2 065.5 yuan/hm2 higher than the lower concentration group，the control effect and comprehensive benefit were significantly stronger than the control and low concentration groups.When using the motorized sprayer， the Parit hopper reduction rate was up to 96.53% and the control effect was up to 96.52%. Compared with the commonly used artificial spray， the cost was 52.5 yuan/hm and the work efficiency was increased by 3.3 times. The control effect and comprehensive benefit were more significant than the electric group and the artificial group.[Conclusion]In combination with the reduction of insect population， control efficiency， cost and economic benefit， it is recommended to use a motorized sprayer for 450 mL/hm2 Parit spraying within the scope of the conditions.
Key words Empoasca vitis;Parit;Precision;Control efficiency;Reduction rate;Motorized spray;Cost
茶樹是典型的叶用植物，多生长在暖温带和亚热带地区，病虫害易发[1]。为做好病虫防治，在优先使用农业、生物、物理防治的基础上，还应参照茶树主要病虫害的防治指标，实施合理的药剂防治。在茶叶质量安全追溯体系背景下，提倡尽可能选择施用非水溶性农药，而对于新型帕力特[2-6]的施用而言目前鲜见不同剂量对叶蝉防效差异及对茶园产量产值影响的研究。
喷雾机具是防治农作物病虫害的重要工具，其质量的好坏、性能的优劣和喷施技术直接关系到病虫防治效果以及农药的有效利用率，而且对施药人员、农产品质量和环境安全也至关重要[7]。普通的人工喷雾施药方式对靶率低、穿透率低，施用农药多散落于表层叶表面[8]，而叶蝉等害虫则多隐藏于叶中下层叶背，传统农药施用方式实际诱杀效率低下，且易造成非目标靶区污染环境。随着茶园机械化设备的更新换代，传统的手动喷雾器在喷施效率及效果上已逐渐跟不上现代农业发展的要求。在劳动力严重缺乏的背景下，如何提高农药施用效率及对靶率，降低防治成本以及减轻农药对环境的污染，改进农药喷撒技术已势在必行。
