控释肥种类及用量对番茄和甜椒穴盘育苗效果的影响
时间：2021-02-01 20:00:37 来源：雅意学习网 本文已影响 人 
摘要 [目的]为探明基质中添加控释肥对番茄、甜椒穴盘育苗效果的影响，为控释肥在蔬菜集约化育苗中的应用提供依据。[方法]以番茄和甜椒为试材，以腐熟棉籽壳菇渣+草炭+蛭石1∶1∶1（V/V）为育苗基质，进行不同用量控释尿素、控释复合肥比较试验，观测对幼苗出苗率、壮苗指数和叶绿素含量、净光合速率、根系活力等生长生理指标以及植株养分吸收的影响。[结果]与喷浇营养液、基质中掺施普通化肥相比，添加等量控释复合肥或控释尿素的番茄壮苗指数分别提高2.12%、22.95%和4.47%、25.78%，甜椒壮苗指数分别提高24.78%、24.24%和25.22%、24.68%；控释肥养分用量减少20%，育苗效果仍与喷浇营养液相当，但明显优于掺施普通化肥。[结论]基质中掺混适量控释复合肥或控释尿素对番茄和甜椒的育苗效果优于喷浇营养液或掺混普通化肥。
关键词 番茄；甜椒；控释肥；穴盘育苗；壮苗指数
中图分类号 S504.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）11-03248-05
Abstract [Objective]To study the effects of adding controlled release compound fertilizer and controlled release urea on seedlings of tomato and sweet pepper， and to provide guidance for application of controlled release fertilizers in intensive seedling production of vegetables. [Method] By using tomato and sweet pepper as experimental materials， and mushroom residue compost， peat and vermiculite at 1∶1∶1 （V/V） as nursery media， effects of different ratess of controlled release urea and controlled release compound fertilizers were compared on seedling emergence， vigor seedling index， chlorophyll content， net photosynthetic rate， root activity and other growth or physiological indicatorsas well as nutrient absorption. [Result]Compared with spraying nutrient solution and adding common chemical fertilizer， addition of full quantity of controlled release compound fertilizer and controlled release urea increased seedling index of tomato by 2.12%， 22.95% and 4.47%， 25.78%， respectively， and sweet pepper by 24.78%， 24.24% and 25.22%， 24.68%， respectively. The dosage of controlled release fertilizers reduced by 20%.Similar results were found when compared to spraying nutrient solution， but being better than adding common chemical fertilizers.[Conclusion]Applying controlled release fertilizers in seedling media of tomato and sweet pepper produced higher quality seedlings than spraying nutrient solution and adding common chemical fertilizer.
Key words Tomato； Sweet pepper； Controlled release fertilizer； Plug seedling； Seedling index
在穴盘育苗过程中，主要通过浇灌营养液的方式供给幼苗水分和养分。营养液配制和管理繁琐，技术要求较高；同时，穴孔的容积有限，基质容纳量少，需要多频次灌溉才能满足幼苗的生育需求，既费时、费工，又极易造成水分和养分流失，并污染环境。在育苗基质中掺施一定量的复合肥或单元素化肥，虽可基本满足苗期生长需求，操作简便[1-2]，但养分供给不易控制，操作不当易造成烧苗，或者出现前期养分过剩，后期供应不足的现象[3]。
控释肥在蔬菜育苗中的应用已有报道。控释肥一次施用即可满足整个苗期的养分需求，从而减少施肥次数，降低养分淋失、挥发和固定，提高肥料利用效率[4-6]。然而，由于控释肥类型和规格、育苗基质和蔬菜种类以及环境条件的不同，试验结果差异较大[7]。笔者以番茄和甜椒为试材，以课题组筛选出的棉籽壳菇渣、草炭和蛭石复合基质为育苗基质，采用控释复合肥、控释尿素和普通化肥进行比较试验，探讨控释肥种类及用量对番茄、甜椒穴盘育苗效果的影响，为控释肥在蔬菜集约化育苗中的应用提供依据。
1 材料与方法
