不同有机肥部分替代基施化学氮肥对双季稻生长发育及产量的影响
时间：2021-02-01 20:02:44 来源：雅意学习网 本文已影响 人 
摘要：【目的】探討不同有机肥部分替代基施化学氮肥对双季稻生长发育、氮素积累及产量的影响，为双季稻区选择适宜有机肥种类、提高水稻产量及土壤培肥提供理论依据与技术支撑。【方法】2016～2017年以早稻品种中早39和晚稻品种H优518为供试材料，在施氮（N）150 kg/ha、氮肥基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥=5∶3∶2条件下，以100%化学氮肥处理为对照（CK），设4个有机肥+化学氮肥处理：T1，紫云英（早稻）/水稻秸秆（晚稻）+化肥；T2，生物炭+化肥；T3，厩肥+化肥；T4，菜籽饼肥+化肥。研究不同处理对双季稻生长发育、氮素积累及产量的影响。【结果】与CK相比，各有机肥处理早晚稻产量均有明显提高，T1～T4处理2016和2017年早稻产量分别较CK增产4.86%～7.74%和0.12%～3.50%，晚稻产量分别较CK增产1.27%～8.10%和2.01%～6.27%，各有机肥处理早晚稻产量的提高主要是由结实率明显提高所致。与CK相比，T1、T3和T4处理水稻生育中后期叶面积衰减率较低，叶面积指数与叶片相对叶绿素含量（SPAD值）较高。成熟期时，各有机肥处理的干物质积累量整体高于CK。T1、T3和T4处理的植株氮素累积量前期较低但后期较高，其中以T3处理的植株氮素积累优势最突出。【结论】两年定位试验结果表明，在同一施氮水平下，有机肥部分替代化学氮肥基施均能一定程度上促进水稻的生长发育与后期氮素积累，进而提升产量，其中早稻以紫云英翻压还田、晚稻以饼肥与厩肥作用明显，适合在三熟制双季稻区推广应用。
关键词： 双季稻；有机肥；生长发育；氮素积累；产量
中图分类号： S511 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2018）06-1102-09
Abstract：【Objective】The impacts of substitution of chemical nitrogen（N） fertilizer with different organic fertilizers on rice growth，N accumulation and yield of double cropping rice were studied to provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving soil fertility of double cropping rice fields. 【Method】In 2016-2017， early rice variety Zhongzao 39 and late rice variety H You 518 were used as materials. Under the condition where nitrogen application rate was 150 kg/ha and the ratio of basic fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶granule fertilize was 5∶3∶2， four organic fertilizer+chemical N fertilizer treatments were set：T1：Astragalus sinicus（early rice）/rice straw（late rice）+chemical fertilizer；T2： biological activated carbon+ chemical fertilizer；T3： barnyard manure+ chemical fertilizer；T4： rapeseed cake+ chemical fertilizer， and 100% chemical N fertilizer treatment was as control（CK）. Effects of various treatments on growth，N accumulation and yield components of double cropping rice were studied. 【Result】Compared with CK，the average yield of early rice in organic fertilizer treatments was increased greatly. In T1-T4， the yields of early rice in 2016 and 2017 increased by 4.86%-7.74% and 0.12%-3.50% compared with CK， and yields of late rice in 2016 and 2017 increased by 1.27%-8.10% and 2.01%-6.27%. The improvement of yield of early and late rice treated by organic fertilizer mainly induced by the increasing of seed setting rate. Compared with CK，leaf area in the middle and late stage of rice under T1， T3 and T4 decreased， leaf area index and leaf relative chlorophyll content（SPAD value） were high. At mature stage， the dry matter accumulation in organic fertilizer treatments as a whole was higher than that of CK. N accumulation was low in early stage but was high in late stage under T1，T3 and T4，with T3 treatment showed the most significant increasing in plant N accumulation. 【Conclusion】Two-year location experiment shows that under the same nitrogen application level，partial substitution of chemical N fertilizer application with organic fertilizer application can promote growth and development of rice and nitrogen accumulation in late stage to a certain extent，and then increase the yield. The soil-returning effects of A. sinicus in early rice and effects of barnyard manure and rapeseed cake in late rice are obvious， which are suitable for application in double cropping rice area with three-crop a year system.
