匠心独运，写好文章结尾

广东 王 思

【问题导读】

一篇文章通常由开头、主体和结尾三个部分组成，古人常把这三个部分比喻成“凤头”“猪肚”和“豹尾”。意思是说，文章的开头要像凤凰的头一样美丽、精彩，主体内容要像猪的肚子那样充实、饱满，而结尾要像豹子的尾巴那样刚健、有力。读好的结尾犹如咀嚼干果，品尝香茗，令人回味再三。可见，精彩的文章结尾和炫目的开头一样重要。读后续写的结尾也是阅卷老师的阅读体验点和打分点，精彩的结尾能让阅卷老师打出更高的分数。

【名师导学】

1. 高考读后续写是通过让学生阅读一篇未完结的故事，然后根据所给出的情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

续写部分分成两段，每段的开头已经给出。

2. 从高考读后续写的评分标准来看，读后续写注重续写短文与原文的衔接程度，包括语篇主旨、文章内容和语言风格的衔接。

3. 好的结尾如“画龙点睛”，而不是“画蛇添足”。

在续写故事的时候，如果我们的结尾能够呼应前文，升华主题，引发思考，让人意犹未尽，那这就是一个好的文章结尾。

【案例导引】

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Coffee on the wall

Big snowflakes were pouring down from the sky. I sat with my friend in a wellknown coffee shop in a neighboring town of Venice, Italy, a city of lights and water.

As we enjoyed our coffee, a well-dressed man entered, took off his hat and sat at an empty table beside us. He then called the waiter and placed his order saying, “Two cups of coffee, please. One of them there on the wall.”

Upon hearing this order, both of us were amazed, so we kept on observing with interest. It seemed that the waiter wasn"t surprised at all. He took the order and left. Ten minutes later, the waiter came back with only one cup of coffee. The man thanked the waiter and began to enjoy the coffee. However, when he left, he paid for two.

After the man left, the waiter returned to collect the cup and put a piece of paper on the wall saying “A cup of coffee”. Seeing this, my friend and I looked at each other with confusion.

Just as we were guessing what the piece of paper on the wall meant, two elegant ladies entered. They sat down at the same table and ordered three cups of coffee: two on the table and one on the wall. When the two ladies left, they paid for three cups of coffee.This time also, the waiter did the same; he put a piece of paper on the wall saying “A cup of coffee”.

It was something unique and confusing for us. Out of curiosity, we decided to stay in the shop and kept on watching. We glanced at the wall and found that there were three pieces of paper on the wall at that time.

About 30 minutes later, the door was opened and an old man entered. The old man was poorly dressed, which was quite unfit for a coffee shop. To our surprise, the waiter greeted the man respectfully and led him to the table near us.

Paragraph 1:

As the old man seated himself,he looked at the wall and said, “One cup of coffee from the wall.”

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Paragraph 2:

Now there were only two pieces of paper left on the wall, but we came to understand everything.

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一、故事梳理

本文讲述的是“我”和朋友在一间咖啡店的所见所闻。

当地居民进店喝咖啡的时候会多点一杯咖啡“贴在墙上”，而那些本来喝不起咖啡的人可以进来免费喝一杯“贴在墙上”的咖啡。

请客的人和享用的人并不知道对方是谁，服务员和这堵墙就是双方之间的桥梁。

当地居民对他人的这份心意造就了这个有爱的和谐世界!

点题 My friend and I witnessed how people treated the needy to “coffee on the wall”.指向情节主题❖Time: In winter❖Place: In a coffee shop❖Characters: my friend, one man, the waiter, two ladies, an old man, I❖Setting: My friend and I were enjoying our coffee in a coffee shop.❖Beginning: A man ordered two cups of coffee, one on the wall.❖Development: The waiter put a piece of paper on the wall saying “A cup of coffee”.❖Climax: Two ladies ordered three cups of coffee, two on the table and one on the wall.❖Resolution: An old man ordered one cup of coffee from the wall.❖Evaluation: Sometimes, a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to make a huge difference to others.Kindness

二、常用招式

妙招1：自然式结尾

自然式结尾是指顺着文章的自然发展趋势结束全文，使文章结构完整，故事情节完整。

这样的结尾没有套话，没有空话，给人自然、明快的感觉。

文章第一段“I sat with my friend in a well-known coffee shop in a neighboring town of Venice, Italy, a city of lights and water.”交代了故事发生的背景：“我”和朋友当时正在咖啡店里喝咖啡。

当“我们”听到别人点咖啡的方式（除了点自己喝的，还多点了一杯“贴在墙上”），觉得很奇特，就决定留下来看个究竟。

最后，当一位衣衫褴褛的老人进来点了一杯“贴在墙上”的咖啡之后，一切就豁然开朗了。

谜题解开了，“我”和朋友自然也该离开了。

所以这里我们可以用“Since everything was clear, we finished our coffee, paid the bill and left with satisfaction.”自然地结束全文。

妙招2：首尾呼应式结尾

首尾呼应式结尾是指续写的文章结尾与原文开头相呼应。

前有伏笔，后有照应，这种结尾方式能使文章结构更加紧密、严谨，内容更加深刻、完整，且更能与读者产生共鸣。

故事开始时，天空飘着鹅毛大雪，这说明天气相当恶劣，非常寒冷。

但是，当“我”和朋友目睹了当地居民匿名赠送咖啡的暖心举动后，“我们”感受到的不再是漫天飞雪的寒冷，而是一种由内而外的温暖。

用“Though it was still snowing heavily, all we could feel now was the surpassing warmth.”来结尾，刚好可以与文章第一句“Big snowflakes were pouring down from the sky.”相呼应。

妙招3：点题式结尾

点题式结尾是指在续写文章结尾时用一两句话来总结文章主旨，升华主题，起到画龙点睛的作用。

故事发展到后面，“我们”终于明白，咖啡既不是社会基本需要，也不是生活必需品，但在享受任何美好的东西时，也许“我们”都应该想到，有些人也喜欢这样的东西，但却无力支付。当地居民对他人的这份尊敬和关爱不仅让“我们”感动得热泪盈眶，还感染着“我们”付诸行动。

所以用点题式结尾时，我们可以这样写，“The great respect and love for the needy shown by the inhabitants of this town made our eyes well up with tears. We ordered one more coffee, saying ‘a cup of coffee on the wall’, paid for it and left.”。

最后，“我们”也点了一杯咖啡“贴在墙上”，这样的结尾紧扣文章标题Coffee on the wall，升华了文章主题。

妙招4：景物（环境）描写式结尾

景物（环境）描写式结尾，是指在读后续写中以景作结，寓情于景，达到不言情而情无限，言有尽而意无穷的效果。

我们在以景结情时要注意，环境描写要与人物的心情相照应，融情于景。

当地居民赠送咖啡的方式奇特而温暖人心，所以我们在以景结情时可以对故事的发生地点（咖啡店）进行环境描写。

我们可以这样写，“Overhead, the lamps were burning softly, lighting up the most beautiful wall in the world and warming all the hearts in the coffee shop.”。

咖啡店柔和的灯光既照亮了那堵墙，又温暖了人心。

这样的环境描写既点了题，又升华了主题。

妙招5：哲理式结尾

哲理式结尾是对文章中心思想的总结，它包含作者想要表达的寓意和想与读者分享的感悟。

这种结尾方式往往是通过以小见大、从物到人、由事及理、从点到面、由一及众等方式升华文章主题。

我们在续写结尾的时候，通常可以通过表达人生感悟、生活真谛、生活哲理、人生观或价值观来完成情感升华。

通过阅读原文和所给出的段首句，我们知道，当地居民在点咖啡的时候会顺便点一杯“贴在墙上”，让他人也能够在寒冷的冬天享受到暖暖的咖啡。

这种小小的善举，给他人带来的却是寒冬里的温暖，给旁观者传递的是满满的正能量。如果每个人都能有这样的小善举，那这个世界必将变成一个温暖和谐的世界。

所以，结尾的时候我们也可以这样写来升华文章的主题，“Sometimes, a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to make a huge difference to others.”。

我们在平时多积累一些可以用于哲理式结尾的句子，这样，考试时就可以根据文章的主题信手拈来。根据读后续写常考的话题，我们可以从以下几个方面归纳和记忆一些有哲理的句子。

（一）助人

1. Sometimes, a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to make a huge difference to others. 有时候，一个小小的善举可能足以给别人带来巨大的改变。

2. Love may have many ways, but it can always warm people in the dark. 爱的方式有很多，但它总能温暖黑暗中的人们。

3. The roses in her hand, the flavor in mine./Roses given, fragrance in hand. 赠人玫瑰，手有余香。

4. When you light a lamp for someone else, you brighten your own path, too. 当你为别人点灯时，你也照亮了自己的道路。

（二）脱险

1. It was this unique experience that taught me whatever difficulty we are faced with,we mustn"t give up our hope. 正是这次特别的经历教会了我：无论我们面临什么困难，我们都不能放弃希望。

2. Life is full of dilemmas and conflicts, but we should never give up. 生活充满了困境和冲突，但我们永远都不应该放弃。

3. It turns out that there"s always a way out of any plight as long as we stay calm. 事实证明，只要我们保持冷静，就总有办法摆脱困境。

（三）成长

1. As long as we stay positive and never give up, we will surely achieve our goal in the end. 只要我们保持积极乐观，永不放弃，我们最终一定能实现目标。

2. I come to realize that it is our personalities that decide who we truly are. 我逐渐意识到，决定我们真正是谁的是我们的个性。

3. As long as we dare to dream and don"t let difficulties get in our way, everything is possible. 只要我们敢于梦想，不被困难所阻挡，一切皆有可能。

4. I am a slow walker, but I never walk backwards. 我走得很慢，但是我从来不会后退。

5. Only when our eyes have been washed by tears, can we have a broader view of life. 只有泪水洗过的眼睛，才会有更开阔的人生视野。

6. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

（四）生活

1. Poverty is not shame, but the being ashamed of it is. 贫穷不可耻，耻贫才可耻。

2. Politeness costs nothing and gains everything. 礼貌不费分文而可赢得一切。

3. Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet. 忍耐是苦的，但它的果实是甜的。

4. There is no desperate situation in the world, only those who are desperate. 世上没有绝望的处境，只有对处境绝望的人。

5. Your attitude, not your aptitude, will determine your altitude. 是你的态度，而非天资，决定了你的高度。

文章结尾的方式多种多样，我们写作时要根据文章的具体情况选择最合适的方式精彩结尾，给阅卷老师留下深刻的印象。

【参考范文】

As the old man seated himself, he looked at the wall and said, “One cup of coffee from the wall.” “Yes, sir.” The waiter served coffee to this man with customary respect and dignity. The old man enjoyed his coffee contentedly. About half an hour later, he finished his coffee. Then he stood up and left without paying. When we were just about to call the waiter and tell him everything, the waiter came back, took off a piece of paper from the wall and threw it in the trash bin.

Now there were only two pieces of paper left on the wall, but we came to understand everything. When people in this town enjoyed coffee, they paid for an extra cup of coffee for the needy who couldn"t afford, though they didn"t know who would drink this cup of coffee. And the needy enjoyed a free cup of coffee without having to lower his selfesteem. The great respect and love for the needy shown by the inhabitants of this town made our eyes well up with tears. We ordered one more coffee, saying “a cup of coffee on the wall”, paid for it and left.

【模拟导练】

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

“Mom! I"m home! ” John happily said and ran into the kitchen. His mom was making cookies near the window. Outside, a robin was singing. Pop-Pop, John"s grandpa, who lived with them after John"s grandma died, came shuffling through the door. Pop-Pop said,“When the robin sings, spring is here.” John"s mom added, “Tomorrow, John, let"s do the annual spring cleaning.”

The next day, John and his mom cleaned the house. When looking at Pop-Pop"s chair, John"s mom said, “That old chair has to go. We"ll buy Pop-Pop a new one. Let"s take it to the roadside. Tomorrow the garbage truck will pick it up.” John agreed because the chair was worn. As they attempted to move the chair, Pop-Pop came. He tried to stop John and his mom, saying he didn"t need a new one. Finally, John"s mom let go of the chair and said, “We"ll discuss it tonight when Matt gets home.” Matt, John"s dad, was still at work.

With a sigh of relief, the old man sank into his chair. “Pop-Pop, why not get rid of this old chair?” John asked when his mother left the room. “You all don"t understand,John,” Pop-Pop whispered. “I sat in this chair, with your grandma right here, when I asked her to marry me. It was so long ago. But when I sit there, I feel she"s near. And the night your father was born, I sat in this chair, too. I was so happy when they placed the tiny baby into my arms.” As Pop-Pop continued telling his connection with the chair,John understood this chair was more like a friend to him.

That night, however, when John and Pop-Pop were asleep, John"s parents carried the chair to the roadside. It was a starless night. Spring had moved away temporarily, and snow fell silently and covered Pop-Pop"s chair. The next morning, when John came downstairs, he saw Pop-Pop standing by the window and looking outside. John followed his sad look. Snow-covered, the chair stood out on the street.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Paragraph 1:The noise of the truck pulling up to the house shocked John into action.

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Paragraph 2:

And then John"s mom said sorry to Pop-Pop and decided to get his chair back.

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【评价导思】

1. 我续写的内容是否注意了与原文的衔接，包括语篇主旨、文章内容和语言风格的衔接？

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2. 续写这篇文章的时候，可以采取哪些方式进行结尾？ 我采用了哪种方式结尾？我的结尾方式是否能吸引阅卷人？

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3. 在平时写作时，我还可以从哪些方面入手来润色结尾的句子？

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