运用情境法师生对话《美国观光》课堂_师生沟通情境
时间：2018-12-24 03:25:08 来源：雅意学习网 本文已影响 人 
在讲《英语口语教程》第二册第四单元C部分《美国观光》这节课时，关于教师怎么教、学生怎么学，课题组的教师进行了认真研究后，共同设计了这样的教学程序：教师借助教材内容，用师生交流一幅画的办法，让学生感知美国著名自然景观的秀丽，在感知中入情；用课文录音和自然风光照片对照的办法，让学生理解、记住自然景观的名称，并能简单地描述景观，在听说中悟情；用查找资料和教师示范的办法，让学生能完整地描述各自然景观，在想象中融情；用表演情景故事的办法，让学生把所学的知识运用到实际生活的交际中，在对话中升情。运用“情境法”师生对话《美国观光》课堂，收到了较好的教学效果。具体的教学过程如下：
一、创设情境
一上课教师就用多媒体展示一幅画，让学生观察，并提出请同学们用一句话概括画的内容。生答：画面上有陡峭的大山，有碧绿的湖水。师说：说得不错，哪位同学还能说得再具体点呢？生答：画面上还有郁郁葱葱的大树和几朵粉色的小花。师说：说得好，你喜欢这些美丽的自然风光吗？生答：喜欢。师说：同学们，你们喜欢吗？生答：喜欢。师说：你们是喜欢这张照片呢？还是喜欢自然风光本身呢？生答：都喜欢。师说：那么就让我们一起走进美国风光，看看美国的自然风光到底如何。教师边说边板书课题。
二、进入情境
教师展示一组图片，让学生观察，并组织以下活动：
（一）朗读全文
放录音，并展示一组美国自然风光的图片。在朗读前教师出示根据课文内容设计的问题，让学生边听边思考，要求不但要了解课文内容，还要模仿纯正地道的语音语调，培养学生的英语口感和英语思维能力。
1. What are the names of the natural scenery according to the passage?
2. How does the writer describe the natural scenery?
（二）出示图片
要求学生对照图片，参照教材，对上述两个问题一一作出回答。
1. The Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains
There are two main mountain ranges in the US― ―the Appalachian Mountains in the east and the Rocky Mountains in the west.
2. The Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is one of the world’s great continental rivers. It has been called “Father of Waters” or “Old Man River”.
3. The Great Lakes
The Great Lakes are Lake Superior，which is the largest fresh water lake in the world，Lake Michigan，Lake Huron，Lake Ontario，and Lake Erie. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan，which is the only one of the five entirely in the US.
4. Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls is one of the national parks in the US. It is the nation’s most impressive natural wonder and a major scenic attraction of the world. It draws some 5 million visitors each year.
5. The Grand Canyon
The Grand Canyon is one of the most spectacular canyons in the world. It is a deep gorge 200 miles long，one mile deep，cut by the Colorado River at the bottom.
6. The Yellowstone National Park
The Yellowstone National Park is situated in Wyoming，Montana and Idaho，in the Rockies. It is famous not only for its scenic attraction and wild animals，but also for its geysers.The biggest geyser is known as Old Faithful，which means it is always loyal and true to its promise of sending water up at certain time.
（三）教师评价
教师进行指导、纠正，并作出评价。
三、融入情境
上节课给同学们留的作业是查找美国著名自然景观的详细资料，现在请大家进行交流。教师指导学生后，作出示范。
（一）参与交流
在阅读课文和查找资料的基础上，学生在各小组内进行讨论，让学生动脑思考，动口说话，参与活动。遇到解决不了的问题，敢于向教师提问。教师进行指导、纠正。参与交流以下两个问题。
1. What have you checked about the natural scenery?
2. Please give us your brief introduction.
（二）教师示范
教师就美国黄石国家公园对照图片进行描述。给学生以思考，给学生以启迪，为以后运用、交际做出榜样和奠定基础。教师绘声绘色地说：
The Yellowstone National Park is situated in Wyoming，Montana and Idaho，in the Rockies. It covers an area of 8956 square kilometers. It was set up as a national park in 1872. It’s named after the Yellowstone River.
The forests in the park are dense，keeping the natural scenery of the virgin forest. The Yellowstone National Park is famous for its geysers. The biggest geyser is known as Old Faithful. When it is spurting，the natural water column rises to the sky. It sends up a column of hot water 50-60 meters high. Just like a volcanic eruption. It’s wonderful and magnificent.
The hot springs consist of many hot pools. Their banks are colorful，such as red，yellow，blue，white，purple or brown. They shine upon each other，which make up a vivid pattern. The hot water in the pools falsl down from the high place，which becomes countless falls. The falls flow into the Yellowstone River and then rush down the Yellowstone Canyon that lies in the north of the park. The walls of the Yellowstone Canyon are orange and reddish orange. They look like tortuous colored ribbons. They are splendid under the sunshine matching the falls.
There is also a Yellowstone Lake in the park. The Yellowstone National Park is a wild animals’ protecting place. The animals are not afraid of people because they are protected very well. They always stand beside the roads and the cars，waiting for being fed by people.
What a good place of experiencing and enjoying the nature the Yellowstone National Park is!
四、运用情境
在运用情境时，采用相关联想的办法，拓展知识，编拟话题，把具体情景与现实生活引入教学，让学生声情并茂地进行对话表演。
1. You want to travel the US. You seek advice from a travel agency through the phone.
2. You come to the travel agency and seek advice from an agent face to face.
3. You arrive in the US and come to certain American natural scenery following the traveling group of the agency.
运用情境法，师生对话课堂，不但能使学生掌握美国著名自然景观的名称，不断提高学生对自然景观描述的交际能力，而且还能改变教师的教学行为方式和学生的学习行为方式。面对当今的新课改实验，这种尝试是很有意义的。但以上探索仅仅是初步实验，更系统、更科学的研究，还有待于今后不断地修正和提高。
