动词不定式和动名词作宾语 动词不定式和动名词作宾语的基本用法
时间：2019-01-05 03:25:31 来源：雅意学习网 本文已影响 人 
一、不定式作宾语 1.在以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语。如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句。如:
(1)I decided to ask for my money back.
(2)I decided that I would ask for my money back.
(3)When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to start back on foot.
(4)When our visit to the farm was over,we expected that we would start back on foot.
2.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式。如:
(1)We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
(2)He feels it his duty to help the poor.
3.介词but,except,besides+to do(do)。在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to,带to不带do。如:
(1)The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.
(2)On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.
二、动名词作宾语
1.在以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don’t mind,give up,insist,on,put off等。如:
(1)I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.
(2)You must give up smoking,for it does too much harm to your health.
2.动名词作介词的宾语。如:
(1)I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.
(2)What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?
动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficulty (in) doing,have no trouble (in) doing,lose no time (in) doing,prevent/stop...(from)doing,there is no use (in) doing等。
3.部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变。如:begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。
在need,require,want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved).hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。
在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:
(1)hate,like,love前有would(should)时,如:I’d like to have a cup of coffee.
(2)当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时,如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.
(3)begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand what was happening.
4.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语。如:
(1)Our teachers don’t permit our swimming in the lake.
(2)Our teachers don’t permit us to swim in the lake.
5.部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。
5.1 forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。如:
(1)Don’t forget to post the letter for me.
(2)Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?
(3)Remember to close the windows before you leave.
(4)I remember writing him a letter a year ago.
(5)We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.
(6)They regretted ordering these books from abroad.
5.2 mean to do打算做某事;mean doing意味着……,如:
(1)I meant to catch up with the early bus.
(2)This means wasting a lot of money.
5.3 try to do设法尽力做某事;try doing试着做某事,如:
(1)You should try to overcome your shortcomings.
(2)Try working out the physics problem in another way.
5.4 stop to do停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语);stop doing停止做某事,如:
(1)On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.
(2)You’d better stop arguing and do as you are told.
5.5 can’t help doing禁不住……;can’t help to do不能帮助干……,如:
(1)They couldn’t help jumping up at the news.
(2)Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I can’t help to make up the room for you.
5.6 go on to do做不同的事或不同内容的事;go on doing继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续,如:
(1)He went on to talk about world situation.
(2)We’ll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world.
5.7 leave off to do 离开某地去干什么(目的状语);leave off doing停下某事,如:
(1)It’s time to leave off talking and to start acting.
(2)They left off to go fishing.
