使用农药对生草苹果园主要害虫及其天敌的影响

时间：2021-02-08 08:02:30　来源：雅意学习网本文已影响人

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　　摘要：为明确使用农药对生草苹果园主要害虫及其天敌发生动态的影响，在矮化密植苹果树行间连片种植紫花苜蓿，在果园常规使用农药防治病虫害的情况下，采用五点随机取样和扫网法，系统调查了生草区和清耕区苹果园主要害虫及其天敌种群的发生动态。结果表明，与清耕区相比，生草区害虫数量明显较少，天敌数量明显增多，害虫的平均发生量是清耕区的59%，果树上天敌的平均发生量是清耕区的1.4倍。果园喷施杀虫剂后，生草区果树上天敌数量的降幅明显小于清耕区，且恢复速度快于清耕区，说明果园种植紫花苜蓿有利于保护和增殖自然天敌，从而控制果树害虫。
　　关键词：生草苹果园;农药;紫花苜蓿;害虫;天敌;发生动态;益害比
　　中图分类号：S436.611.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2019）02-0091-06
　　Effects of Pesticides on Main Pests and Natural
　　Enemies in Grass-Grown Apple Orchard
　　Zhang Shuo Chen Peng Liu Jin Wang Xiao Li Dongchao Chi Baojie3， Liu Yongjie
　　（1. College of Plant Protection， Shandong Agricultural University， Taian 271018， China;
　　2. School of Landscape Science and Engineering， Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University，
　　Jinan 250100，China; 3. Shandong Cotton Research Institute， Jinan 250100，China）
　　AbstractIn order to clarify the effects of pesticides on main pests and natural enemies in grass-grown apple orchards， we planted Medicago sativa between apple trees in dwarf close planting apple orchards. In the case of routine use of pesticides to control pests and diseases in orchards， we systematically investigated the occurrence dynamics of major apple pests and natural enemies in Medicago sativa area and clean cultivation area using the five-point random sampling and sweeping methods. The results showed that compared with the clean cultivation area， the number of pests in Medicago sativa area was significantly less， and the number of natural enemies was much more. The average number of pests in Medicago sativa area was 59% of that of the clean cultivation area， and the average number of natural enemies was 1.4 times of that of the clean cultivation area. After spraying pesticides in apple orchards， the number of natural enemies on trees in Medicago sativa area decreased obviously less than that in the clean cultivation area， and the recovery rate was better than that in the clean cultivation area. It indicated that the cultivation of Medicago sativa in apple orchards was more beneficial to protection and proliferation of natural enemies， and it was more conducive to controlling pests.
　　KeywordsGrass-grown apple orchards; Pesticides; Medicago sativa; Pests; Natural enemies; Occurrence dynamics; Ratio of natural enemy to pest
　　蘋果是世界四大水果之一，总面积和总产量仅次于柑橘和香蕉，位居第3位，全世界有93个国家和地区生产苹果[1]，作为世界苹果生产和消费第一大国，我国苹果栽培面积和产量约占世界苹果总量的40%和30%[2，3]。随着苹果种植面积的不断扩大，受栽培管理技术滞后和树龄老化等的影响，苹果病虫害仍然是威胁苹果产业安全的主要因素之一[4-6]。我国苹果害虫种类多、发生危害重、防治困难。面对苹果害虫持续危害，我国目前仍以化学防治为主[7-10]，每年防治苹果害虫使用大量化学农药，不但导致“3R”问题，而且严重杀伤自然天敌，降低了自然天敌对害虫的控制作用，造成果园生态恶性循环[11，12]。

推荐访问:苹果园害虫天敌农药影响

使用农药对生草苹果园主要害虫及其天敌的影响

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