【源自莎翁的现代英语短语】 莎翁少儿英语
时间：2020-02-23 07:16:36 来源：雅意学习网 本文已影响 人 
在一门语言的发展历程中有过很多表达，有的已淹没于历史的洪流，有的却随着经典的文学作品留存下来，进入我们的日常生活，普通到你甚至不知道它们原来竟有那么大的来头……
William Shakespeare gave the world many gifts in his writing, and some of them have stuck1) over the centuries. Many expressions in the English language trace their first appearance in the works of Shakespeare, but people tend to think of his writing as very "fancy" and don"t associate everyday words with classic English.
Have a look. You just might be surprised to see that you quote Shakespeare every day without even knowing it!
莎士比亚的作品给世界带来了许多礼物，其中一些已经留存数百年之久。追根溯源，英语中有许多表达都是在莎士比亚的作品中首次亮相的，但人们往往认为他的文字很“华丽”，并不会将英语日常用语与古典英语联系起来。
来看看吧！你也许会惊讶地发现，你每天都在引用莎士比亚的话，自己却甚至毫不知情！
In a pickle2)
The term, meaning to be in a difficult position, was coined3) by Shakespeare in The Tempest, 1610. The earliest pickles were spicy sauces made to accompany meat dishes. Later, in the 16th century, the name pickle was also given to a mixture of spiced, salted vinegar that was used as a preservative4). The "in trouble" meaning of "in a pickle" was an allusion5) to being as disoriented6) and mixed up7) as the stewed vegetables that made up pickles.
Short shrift8)
In the play Richard III, 1594, the expression was used in its original form, which described the small space of time between condemnation9) and execution. A shrift is a penance10) imposed by a priest in a confession in order to provide absolution11), often when the confessor was near to death. In the 17th century, criminals were sent to the scaffold12) immediately after sentencing and only had time for a "short shrift" before being hanged. Today the term is still in use, but meaning more to make short work of13)―to give little consideration to.
Salad days
This expression was first used by Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra in 1606, speaking of her salad days when she was green14) in judgment.
The phrase "salad days" lay dormant15) for two hundred years or more but became used widely in the 19th century. For example, this citation from the Oregon newspaper The Morning Oregonian, June 1862: "What fools men are in their salad days!" It is commonly used today to speak of someone who is young and inexperienced.
Green-eyed monster
Emotions have often been matched with colour. Green is a colour associated with sickness, possibly because people"s skin takes on a slightly green tinge16) when they are seriously ill. The phrase was used by, and possibly coined by, Shakespeare to denote17) jealousy in The Merchant of Venice, 1596. Jealousy was the green-eyed monster 400 years ago when Iago warned of it in Othello. It is still quite common in modern times to hear this phrase used in common conversation to describe the force of jealousy.
The naked truth
This expression was first heard in Love"s Labors Lost, when Don Adriano de Armado used the play on words to reveal that he was not wearing a shirt under his clothes.
Another theory of the origin of this expression comes from a fable in which Truth and Falsehood18) went bathing. Falsehood then dressed in Truth"s clothes, and Truth, refusing to take another"s clothes, went naked.
处于困境中
这个短语是指“处于困境之中”，是莎士比亚在其《暴风雨》(1610年)中创造的短语。最早的pickle是用于搭配荤菜的辣酱汁。后来，在16世纪，pickle这个词也指一种用作防腐剂的混合物，由添加了香料和盐的醋制成。该短语含义中的“有麻烦”暗指像被做成泡菜的炖蔬菜那样迷失了方向，糊里糊涂。
草率对待
在《理查三世》(1594年)中，莎翁用的是这个短语的本义，即在定罪和行刑之间短暂的那段时间。Shrift是指由一名牧师在告解中施予忏悔者的苦修，以使其罪过得到赦免，这通常发生在忏悔者临死的时候。在17世纪，罪犯被判刑后立即就会被送上断头台，在被绞死前只有一点时间进行“短暂的补赎”。今天这个短语仍在使用，但意思更偏向于“迅速做完某事”，即“基本不加考虑，草率行事”。
年少无知的时期
这个表达出自《安东尼与克娄巴特拉》(1606年)中的克娄巴特拉之口，她把自己判断力尚不成熟的时期称为salad days。
短语salad days在沉睡了两百年或更久之后，却在19世纪开始广为使用。例如美国俄勒冈州的一家报纸《俄勒冈早报》在1862年6月期上有一则引述：“男人在阅历尚浅的青少年时期可真是傻瓜！”现在该短语常用来形容某人年少无知、缺乏经验。
嫉妒
人们往往把各种情绪和不同的颜色相对应。绿色常被人们与疾病联系到一起，可能是因为人在患重病时皮肤会微微泛青。莎士比亚在《威尼斯商人》(1596年)中表示嫉妒的含义时使用(而且也许创造)了这个短语。嫉妒是绿眼的怪兽――《奥赛罗》中的伊阿古在400年前发出了这样的警告。现在还常常能听到人们在日常对话中用这个词来描述嫉妒的力量。
赤裸裸的真理
这个短语最初出现在《爱的徒劳》中，当时唐阿德里亚诺・德阿马多用这个文字游戏透露，他外衣下没有穿衬衫。
关于这个短语的起源，还有另一种说法认为，它来源于一则寓言。在寓言中，真理和谎言去洗澡，其后谎言穿了真理的衣服，而真理拒绝穿别人的衣服，只好赤身裸体。
1. stick [stɪk] vi. 停留，留下；长久保留
2. pickle [ˈpɪkl] n. [常作~s] 腌渍食品；腌菜，泡菜(尤指酸黄瓜)
3. coin [kɔɪn] vt. 创造，杜撰(新字等)
4. preservative [prɪˈzɜːvətɪv] n. 防腐剂；保护剂
5. allusion [əˈluːʒn] n. 暗指，影射
6. disoriented [dɪsˈɔːrientɪd] adj. 迷失方向的；不知所措的
7. mix up: 使弄不清，把……弄糊涂
8. shrift [ʃrɪft] n. (司铎给予赎罪者的)解罪
9. condemnation [ˌkɒndemˈneɪʃn] n. 定罪，宣告有罪
10. penance [ˈpenəns] n. (基督教) (表示悔罪或为得到赦罪的)苦修(包括祈祷、斋戒等)；(天主教) (东正教) (为得到赦罪的)补赎(一种包括悔罪、告解、自新等的圣事)
11. absolution [ˌæbsəˈluːʃn] n. 【宗】(教会神职人员所宣告的)赦罪
12. scaffold [ˈskæfəʊld] n. 断头台；绞刑台
13. make short work of: 迅速干掉；迅速解决
14. green [�riːn] adj. 不成熟的，幼稚的
15. dormant [ˈdɔːmənt] adj. 【生】休眠的；蛰伏的，冬眠的
16. tinge [tɪndʒ] n. (清淡的)色调，色彩；些许味道(或气息)
17. denote [dɪˈnəʊt] vt. 表示，是……的标志
18. falsehood [ˈfɔːlshʊd] n. 谎言；谬误(尤指信仰、学说等)
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