小小青蛙,趣闻不少_重生弃少归来卓不凡
时间：2020-02-23 07:16:27 来源：雅意学习网 本文已影响 人 
青蛙早在恐龙时期就在地球生活了，恐龙灭绝了，它却生存了下来；在严寒的极地环境中，仅有少数物种能够生存，青蛙便是其中之一；青蛙能制造极大的噪音，自己的听力却丝毫不会受损；青蛙可大可小，大到如家猫，小到不足半英寸……青蛙如此多的秘密，你知道多少？
7. Frogs Lived
in Jurassic Park1)
The earliest known frog appeared during the late Jurassic period, about 190 million years ago. One scientific theory states that the oldest frogs developed jumping legs to avoid being eaten by dinosaurs. Specimens2) of the first known frogs have been found on Navajo3) Indian reservations4) in Arizona. These fossils5) show that the skeletal shape and body plan6) of the frog has remained almost unchanged over the last 190 million years.
6. Frogs Can
Be Really Big
The biggest kind of frog is the Goliath frog7) (Conraua goliath), from Cameroon in West Africa. Their bodies can reach the size of nearly 12 inches (30 cm) long, plus―in addition to the body length―their legs are also at least that long. That is a big frog. The Conraua Goliath weighs over 3 kg, about the size of a large housecat.
5. Frogs Can Be Very Small
The smallest frog in the Southern Hemisphere8) is the Gold Frog, or Brazilian Psyllophryne Didactyla. Adult Gold Frogs measure grow to only 9.8 mm in body length (with legs drawn in). That"s about 3/8 of an inch.
Also very small are poison frogs. These can measure less than half an inch (1 cm) long, even when they"re fully grown, and although they are small, they are highly lethal9).
4. Frogs Are Better Jumpers than Kangaroos
Frogs are one of the best leapers on the planet. Frogs can launch themselves over 20 times their own length using those big strong legs of theirs. That would be the equivalent10) of a person jumping over 100 feet. By comparison, a kangaroo can leap about 4 1/2 times its length. But as good as frogs are at jumping, there is one better―ever tried to catch a flea11)? There is a reason it is not easy―the average flea can jump up to 150 times its own length.
3. Frogs" Ears Connect to Their Lungs
Frogs can hear using big round ears on the sides of their head called a tympanum12). On some frogs, the ear is very hard to see. Ever wonder how frogs that can get so LOUD manage not to hurt their own ears? Well, actually, frogs have special ears that are connected to their lungs. When they hear noises, not only does the eardrum vibrate13), but the lung does too!
2. Frogs Can Gestate14)
in Their Stomach
One dry-region frog, the Rheoba Trachus Silus, swallows its eggs and broods15) them in its stomach since there aren"t any ponds available. Darwin"s Frog also has odd brooding habits. The female lays about 30 eggs and then the male guards them for about 2 weeks. Then the male picks up all the survivors and carry around them in their vocal pouch16). They develop in the male frog"s baggy17) chin skin, feeding off18) their egg yolk19). When they are tiny froglets20) they hop out and swim away.
1. Frogs Are Cryogenic21)
Well, ok―not all frogs have mastered this trait22). However, one species―the common wood frog―displays a rare trait called freeze tolerance23). When the temperature drops, the animal becomes, to the eye and touch, a frog-shaped ice cube. Two-thirds of their body water, or more, freezes. The heart stops, the breathing stops. For all practical purposes24) you"d assume that it was dead.
Freeze tolerance allows common wood frogs to live in harsh25) climates as far north as the Arctic Circle, the only frogs to do so. But they can also be found as far south in the United States as Georgia. A key to their survival is a natural antifreeze that prevents their cells from dehydrating26) excessively during the freezing process. The way it does this may eventually be copied to aid human organ transplants.
Frogs are cool―no doubt about it. Here are some fun things that you might not know about frogs. Enjoy!
青蛙不可小觑――这点毫无疑问。下面关于青蛙的这些趣闻你可能还不曾知晓。一睹为快吧！
7. 早在《侏罗纪公园》里就有青蛙生存
已知最早的青蛙出现在侏罗纪晚期，约1.9亿年前。有科学理论称，最古老的青蛙为了避免沦为恐龙的盘中餐，长出了弹跳有力的双腿。人们在美国亚利桑那州纳瓦霍人的印第安部落发现了这些青蛙的化石标本。从这些化石来看，青蛙的骨骼外形及剖面结构在过去的1.9亿年里几乎没有发生变化。
6. 青蛙也有大个头
体型最大的蛙种要数生活在西非喀麦隆的非洲巨蛙(学名巨谐蛙)。它们的体长可达12英寸(合30厘米)，而且，不算体长，单是它们的双腿也起码有这么长，个头真是不小。巨谐蛙的体重在3公斤以上，和一只大个头的家猫差不多。
5. 青蛙也有小不点
金蛙又名巴西金蛙，是南半球体型最小的青蛙。成年的金蛙体长(腿部蜷缩时)只有9.8毫米，约合八分之三英寸。
个头小的青蛙还有毒蛙。即使是完全长大后，它们的体长也不足半英寸(合1厘米)。虽然个头小，但它们却具有致命剧毒。
4. 青蛙比袋鼠善跳
青蛙是地球上最善于跳跃的动物之一。借助强有力的两条大腿，青蛙能跳出它们自身身长20倍以上的距离，相当于一个人跳出100英尺(约30.48米)远。相比之下，袋鼠只能跳出自身身长4.5倍的距离。不过，虽然青蛙善于跳跃，但强中更有强中手――试过捉跳蚤吗？它们没那么容易被捉到的一个原因就是，一般跳蚤可跳出自身身长150倍远的距离。
3. 青蛙的耳朵与肺相连
青蛙通过头部两侧叫做鼓膜的两只大圆耳朵听声音。有些青蛙的耳朵是很难看到的。你是否疑惑过为何叫声如此响亮的青蛙却不会令它们自己的听力受损？这是因为，实际上，青蛙的耳朵较为特殊，是与它们的肺部连在一起的。当青蛙听到噪音时，不仅耳鼓膜在震动，连肺也在跟着一起震动！
2. 青蛙能在胃里孵卵
由于栖息的地方没有池塘，一种名叫澳大利亚胃育蛙的旱地青蛙便把蛙卵吞进肚子，在胃里进行孵化。达尔文蛙的孵化方式也颇为奇特：雌蛙产下约30只卵，然后交由雄蛙看护两周左右。两周过后，雄蛙挑出存活的蛙卵，把这些蛙卵吞进自己的声囊里，带着它们四处活动。它们在雄蛙颔下的这个袋状皮囊里慢慢成长，以其卵黄为食物，待长成幼蛙后，便从声囊跳出，游离雄蛙。
1. 青蛙也抗冻
当然，应当承认，并非所有青蛙都身怀此技。然而，有种叫木蛙的青蛙却展现出了罕见的抗冻特性。当温度降到冰点时，它们就会变成蛙状的冰坨――看起来和摸上去都如此。此时它们体内三分之二甚至更多的体液冻结成冰，心跳和呼吸全部停止。实际上，你会认为它已经死了。
这种抗冻本领使得木蛙能在远达北极圈那样的严寒气候下生存。它们也是唯一能在北极生存的蛙种。不过，南至美国佐治亚州，人们也发现了这种青蛙的身影。木蛙能在极地生存的关键在于它们体内含有一种天然的防冻液，能够在冰冻过程中防止细胞过度脱水。木蛙的这种抗冻法或许最终能为人类所效仿，帮助人们进行人体器官移植。
1. Jurassic Park: 《侏罗纪公园》，1993年好莱坞科幻冒险电影，由斯蒂芬・斯皮尔伯格执导，改编自迈克尔・克莱顿1990年发表的同名小说。电影很大程度上加强了恐龙在流行文化中的影响，令公众对恐龙的兴趣大大提升，同时也推进了有关恐龙的新理论的快速传播(例如恐龙与鸟类的演化关系)。Jurassic [dʒʊˈræsɪk] adj. 【地】侏罗纪的。侏罗纪是一个地质时代，界于三叠纪和白垩纪之间，是中生代的第二个纪。虽然这段时间的岩石标志非常明显和清晰，其开始和结束的准确时间却无法精确界定。侏罗纪的名称取自德国、法国、瑞士边界的侏罗山。
2. specimen [ˈspesɪmən] n. 样本；标本
3. Navajo [ˈnævəhəʊ] n. = Navaho [ˈnævəhəʊ] n. 纳瓦霍人(散居于新墨西哥州、亚利桑那州及犹他州的北美印第安人)；纳瓦霍族
4. reservation [ˌrezəˈveɪʃn] n. (印第安人)居留地
5. fossil [ˈfɒsl] n. 化石
6. body plan: 横剖面型线图
7. Goliath frog: 【动】巨蛙(产于西非，是世界上最大的蛙类)
8. hemisphere [ˈhemɪsfɪə(r)] n. (地球或天体的)半球
9. lethal [ˈliːθl] adj. 致命的；会致死的
10. equivalent [ɪˈkwɪvələnt] n. 相等物；对应词(或对应符号、对应表达法等)
11. flea [fliː] n. 【昆】蚤，跳蚤
12. tympanum [ˈtɪmpənəm] n. 【解】鼓膜，耳膜；中耳
13. vibrate [vaɪˈbreɪt] vi. 震动，颤动；振动；抖动
14. gestate [dʒesˈteɪt] vi. 怀孕
15. brood [bruːd] vt. 孵(蛋)；孵出
16. pouch [paʊtʃ] n. (鹈鹕等的)喉囊
17. baggy [ˈbæ�i] adj. 袋状的；宽松下垂的
18. feed off: 以……作为食物(或能量等)的来源
19. yolk [jəʊk] n.【生】卵黄
20. froglet [ˈfrɒ�lət] n. 小蛙
21. cryogenic [ˌkraɪəˈdʒenɪk] adj. 低温的；致冷的，产生低温的
22. trait [treɪt] n. 特征，特点，特性
23. tolerance [ˈtɒlərəns] n. 【生】(生物体耐受特定环境条件或病原体感染而生存的)耐性
24. for all practical purposes: 实际上
25. harsh [h�ːʃ] adj. 严酷的，严峻的；苛刻的，艰苦的
26. dehydrate [diːˈhaɪdreɪt] vi. 脱水，失水
27. school [skuːl] n. 鱼群；同类水生动物群
28. seagull [ˈsiː�ʌl] n. 【鸟】海鸥
What"s More
A group of fish is called a School27) of Fish.
A group of seagulls28) is called a Flock of Seagulls.
A bunch of cows and bulls is called a Herd of Cattle.
But what do you call a group of frogs?
Answer: An ARMY of Frogs!
推荐访问:趣闻 青蛙 小小 小小青蛙 趣闻不少 小小青蛙 中华学生百科全书动物趣闻
