?有机肥中重金属含量分析及在土壤—蔬菜中的累积状况评估?
时间：2021-01-31 16:04:33 来源：雅意学习网 本文已影响 人 
摘 要：對湖南省54个有机肥料样品中的重金属含量进行了检测，并设计田间小区试验研究了不同施肥方式下鸡粪源有机肥中重金属在土壤及蔬菜中的累积状况。结果表明：（1）抽取有机肥中Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Cu、Zn、Ni含量的平均值分别为8.18、0.77、17.80、2.80、0.83、70.36、198.84、81.48 mg/kg，其中Cu、Zn超标较多，其次是As、Hg、Cd、Cr。（2）不同原料生产的有机肥中，重金属含量最高的原材料是工业污泥，其次是畜禽粪便、饼粕、作物秸秆。（3）只施用化肥对土壤中重金属的累积影响较小，但易导致土壤pH值下降;化肥与鸡粪肥配合施用，土壤pH值提高而重金属累积不明显，可以作为施肥的首选方式;施用2倍鸡粪肥，土壤中8种重金属均增加，且Cd、Cu、Zn的累积比较明显，累积程度明显高于1倍鸡粪肥。（4）2 a田间小区试验表明，施用有机肥对蔬菜中重金属的累积影响不明显，但呈略微增加的趋势。
关键词：有机肥;重金属;土壤—蔬菜;累积状况
中图分类号：X53; S63文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-060X（2018）12-0050-05
Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Organic Fertilizers and Evaluation of Its Accumulation
in Soil and Vegetable
HAO Hui-juan，CHEN Wan-ming，LV Yun-tao，LIAO Zhong-jian
（Changsha Center for Inspection and Test for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，
Changsha 410005， PRC）
Abstract： The heavy metal content of 54 organic fertilizer samples from Hunan Province was detected; meanwhile， through field plot experiments， the accumulation of heavy metal from chicken excrement-based organic fertilizer in soil and vegetables under different fertilization methods was studied. The experiment results indicate that： （1） The average amounts of elements Pb， Cd， Cr， As， Hg， Cu， Zn and Ni in the sampled fertilizers are 8.18， 0.77， 17.80， 2.80， 0.83， 70.36， 198.84 and 81.48 mg/kg， respectively; Cu and Zn exceed the most than their standards， followed by As， Hg， Cd and Cr. （2） Among the organic fertilizers from different raw materials， industrial sludge contains the highest amount of heavy metal， followed by the excrements of livestock， oil-seed-meals and crop straw. （3） Using chemical fertilizer alone has a relatively small influence on the accumulation of heavy metal in soil while decreasing its pH value; the mixture of chemical fertilizer and chicken manure can increase the pH value in soil while accumulating little heavy metal. It is recommended that chemical fertilizer and chicken manure should be a prior choice so as to improve soil property and ensure the safety of agricultural products. Moreover， when applying double amount of chicken manure， the amounts of 8 kinds of metal in soil have increased， among which Cd， Cu， Zn have obtained obvious accumulation effects， which are higher than using a single portion of chicken manure fertilizer. （4） After two years of the field plot experiments， the accumulation of heavy metal in vegetables is not obvious under all designed fertilization modes， though increasing slightly.
