"情态动词+have,done"用法小结:情态动词加have done
时间：2019-05-14 03:25:00 来源：雅意学习网 本文已影响 人 
【摘要】每年高考单项填空必有一至两道考察情态动词的题目。近几年对于情态动词的考察始终不偏不怪 ，创设的情景逼真，设问角度注重综合化和细微化。其中考察较多的就是"情态动词+have done"的用法。
"情态动词+have done"结构所涉及的动作都发生在过去，做这类题目要以过去为前提。下面我将按照推测
、可能性、必要性、责备、意愿、假想等几种类型来分类、用近三年的高考题做例句把"情态动词+have
done"用法做一个较系统的小结。
【关键词】推测可能性必要性责备意愿假想
每年高考单项填空必有一道考察情态动词的题目，而且这一点一直没有改变，以后的高考题对于情态动词
的考察也将不会有较明显的变化。近几年对于情态动词的考察始终不偏不怪，创设的情景逼真，设问角度
注重综合化和细微化。其中考察较多的就是"情态动词+have done"的用法。下面我将就"情态动词+have
done"用法用近三年的高考题做例句做一个较系统的小结。
"情态动词+have done"结构中的 "have done"是完成式，即该动作在过去已经做完，因此所有"情态动词
+have done"的常见结构都发生在过去，都跟过去有关。我们要教给学生做这类题目要以过去为前提。另
外，"情态动词+have done"的用法要注意所创设的情景，可按照推测、可能性、必要性、责备、意愿、假
想等几种类型来分类。其常见结构及其用法如下：
1. 推测：
must have done 、can/can""t have done、 may/might(not) have done和couldn""t have done
1)must have done 用于肯定句，表示对过去已发生的行为进行推测，意为：一定做了某事。如:
①(2009 上海，27) It must have been Tom that parked the car here, as he
is the only one with a car。
②（2010年安徽卷32）Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years
ago, as a strong-willed man。
2)can/ can not have done通常用在否定句和疑问句中，表示对过去已发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定。如：
① It took him five years to finish the work. He can not have forgotten it.
② He has a lot of work to do today. Can he have gone to his aunt""s?(go)
3) may/might(not) have done表示对过去已发生的行为进行推测，意为：也许已经做。了某事。一般只
用于肯定句和否定句中。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。
(2011年江苏卷34）--I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway
official.
--How unbelievable to get it back！I mean, someone might have done it.
4) couldn""t have done 用于定否定句表示推测，不可能已经做了某事。如：
I saw Mr. Wang just now. He couldn""t have gone to Beijing.
2.可能性：
could have done / might have done
1) could have done:可表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为：本来可以/可能……。如：
①(2009 江苏，28) He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed
it differently.
②(2009安徽，34)But for their help, we could not have finished the program in time.
2) might have done 表示本来可能做某事，但实际上没有发生。如：
You might have given him more help,though you were busy.
3. 必要性:
needn""t have done
needn""t have done 表示过去做了本来没必要做的事。如：
You needn""t have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.
注意：didn""t need to do 表示没必要做而实际上也没做某事。如：
I didn""t need to clean the window. My brother did it.
4.责备:
should /ought to have done 和had better have done
1) should /ought to have done 用于肯定句，表本来应该做某事，而实际上没做；
用于否定句，则表示不该做的事反而做了。表示轻微的责备之意。如： ①(2009 重庆，32)--Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
--She should have been in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
②（2011全国，32）They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
2) had better have done 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备之意。表示当时最好做了某事。否定式则表示相
反的含义。如：
① You had better have started earlier.
② You had better not have scolded her.
5. 意愿:
would rather have done、would like to have done
1) would rather have done表示当时宁愿做某事。其否定式表相反的含义。两者都有后悔之意。如：
① I would rather have taken his advice.
② I disagreed with him at the meeting.But now I would rather not have done that.
2)表示过去愿意做某事，但未做成。如：
I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work for two more hours to
make a plan.
6.假想：
would have done
1）would have done 表示假想的过去的动作或事情。常与if引导的表示虚拟的从句连用，意为：要是。
。。就。。。 。如：
① If I had seen the advertisement I would have applied for the job.
② If she hadn""t gone back for the letter she wouldn""t have missed the
bus.
2）would have done 也表示过去虚拟的动作，意为：本要做某事的。如：
①（2011年福建，34）---Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
---I would have attended it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
②（2011年天津，15）15. I would have come sooner but I didn""t know that they were waiting
for me.
