[简洁明了话情态动词]情态动词
时间：2019-02-03 03:25:23 来源：雅意学习网 本文已影响 人 
摘 要： 情态动词是每年高考必考的语法项目之一，本文对情态动词的种类、形式和用法进行了分析，多见于高考题中的单选和完形填空。 关键词： 情态动词 种类 形式 用法
情态动词的用法是学生学习的一个难点，往往费劲不少，收效甚微。我认为以下讲解方法收效不错。
一、情态动词的种类与形式
can / could，may/might，shall / should，will/would，need/dare，must/have to
二、基本用法
初中阶段学过，最复杂，最难把握。学生应掌握常考易错用法。
1.can /could
①表能力：could：过去的潜在能力但做成与否暂且不管；was（were） able to：过去本身有此能力且成功做成了，相当于“managed to do” 和“succeeded in doing”。
例：The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everybody was able to escape. 大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都想法逃了出来。
②表许可或请求许可:
―Can/Could/May/Might I use your pen?
―Yes，you can/may.（could/might较其原形形式委婉客气，但注意答语中使用原形形式。）
2.may/might
表许可或请求许可用法同can/could。
3.shall
第一、三人称疑问句，表征询对方的意见，形式为 “Shall I /he/she/they/sb....?”，第二、三人称表某种特殊语气，比如警告、强制、承诺、命令、决心及法律条文规定等。
①―The research on the new bird flu virus vacation is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job?
― my students have a try?
A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. May
②He shall be punished if he insists on doing that.（警告）
should/ought: 理应，应该（有时强调一种义务、责任）；按常理应如此。
It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
4.will/would
①表意愿：Jack promised his doctor he not drink，and he has not drunk ever since.
A. might B. should C. could D. would
②第二人称疑问句表“请求或要求”（would 较will 更委婉客气）：Will/Would you please pass me the salt，please?
③would 与used to:都可表过去的习惯但used to 强调“今昔对比”，would 无此意；used to 可与表状态的词连用，也可与表动作的词连用，但would 只与表动作的词连用。
They would sit for hours by the window，doing nothing.（过去的习惯）
I used to get up late in the morning，but now I get up early.（今昔对比）
There used to be an old temple here.（表状态）
5.must
“必须 ”语气很强，命令口气。注意以must开头的一般疑问句的肯否回答mustn’t 表示一种强烈的禁止。
①―It’s the office! So you know eating is not allowed here.
A. must B. will C. may D. need
②―Must I hand in my homework now?
―No，you needn’t./you don’t have to/you don’t need to.
（Yes，you must.）
③The policeman told the pupils. “Youplay football in the street.”
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
have to表客观上的“不得不 ”，形式多样； 而must 表主观上的“必须 ”，形式单一。
6.need/dare
双重身份，既可作情态动词也可作实义动词，后加不定式为实义动词，后加动词原形为情态动词，需要特别说明的是dare用作实义动词在非正式用法中也可省略to，并且dare 用作情态动词经常用在条件句、疑问句和否定句中。I dare say 为固定说法，意为“我敢说，我认为”。
She doesn’t dare （to） meet her teacher’s eyes. 她不敢与老师对视。
Try it if you dare. 要是你敢的话，你就试试看。
I dare say you’re dull at home.我敢说你在家里感到沉闷无聊。
（2008陕西卷）―What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?
―Well，it be big――that’s not important.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t
三、推测用法
①（2008天津卷）She have left school，for her bike is still here.
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
②（2008重庆卷）―I can’t find my purse anywhere.
―You have lost it while shopping.
A. mayB. canC. shouldD. would
③（2007 福建卷）My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where I have put it?
A. can B. must C. should D. would
④Judging from her accent，he must be a northerner.
本文为全文原貌 未安装PDF浏览器用户请先下载安装 原版全文 ⑤Listen，there is much noise in the next room，so the couple must be quarrelling.
⑥We have proved great adventurers，but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
＊推测中无 “mustn’t”
四、虚拟用法
should/ought （not）to have done “本（不）应该……”;might （not） have done “本（不）可以……”;could （not） have done “本（不）能够……”;needn’t have done “本没有必要……”。
①As you worked late yesterday，you have come this morning.
A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
②（2008江西卷）What a pity. Considering his ability and experience，he better.
A. need have done B. must have done
C. can have done D. might have done
③（2007 浙江卷）―My cat’s really fat.
―You have given her so much food.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
＊①其中的should ，could ，might不可换成shall，can，may;② 注意根据句意区分could have done 和might have done是推测用法还是虚拟用法。③would have done，should have done，could have done，might have done还可用于虚拟条件句。
六、其他用法
①（2008福建卷） It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it be rather cold sometime.
A. must B. can C. should D. would
析：can 表理论上的可能性或人、事物某一时的特征。
②（2008全国卷Ⅱ） Liza well not want to go on the trip――she hates traveling.
A. will B. can C. must D. may
析：may / might as well do sth.“还是……好”、“不妨”。
比较may well do：to be very likely to do
③―Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.
―Don’t interrupt me，John. you force me to tell you the truth at the moment?
A. Might B. Should C. Must D. Would
析：must“非得、 偏要”（做令人不快或不乐意的事）。
④It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.这种事竟然发生在我身上真不公平。
―Amazing! Youwear slippers at work.
―Don’t you know it’s a fashion.
A. should B. ought C. dare D. mustn’t
析：（Why / How + ）should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟然”，也用在某些从句中。
⑤― We need some fresh air，but the windowopen.
― I help you?
A. didn’t; will B. shan’t; Need
C. mustn’t; May D. won’t; shall
析:won’t 或wouldn’t 表一种拒绝或毛病，意为“老是、总是”。
⑥can’t/couldn’t 与比较级连用表最高级的肯定概念。
―How is your new babysitter?
―We ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A. should B. might C. mustn’t D. couldn’t
总之，做情态动词的题的一般步骤为：先根据句意判断是情态动词的哪种用法（基本用法、推测用法、虚拟用法、其他用法），再定是哪种具体用法。熟悉以上用法，按此步骤，轻松掌握情态动词不成问题。
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