“十三五”国家重点研发计划农药减施增效类项目述评

时间：2021-02-08 08:00:58　来源：雅意学习网本文已影响人

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　　摘要
　　植物保护是保障粮食安全和农业可持续发展的基础。农药作为一项重要的植保投入品，在推动农业现代化发展的同时，其造成的环境污染和农产品质量安全问题日益突出。在大力推进农业绿色发展的背景下，实现农药减施增效已成为植物保护的一项重要目标。“十三五”期间，国家重点研发计划“化学肥料和农药减施增效综合技术研发”试点专项中设置了40个农药减施增效类相关项目，对农药减施增效的基础研究、关键技术研发和集成示范应用开展全链条设计、一体化实施。本文介绍了国家重点研发计划农药减施增效类项目的立项背景和研究内容，分析项目设置和立项实施的主要特点，展望预期研发成效，并对项目组织管理提出建议。
　　关键词
　　国家重点研发计划; 农药减施增效; 植物保护; 资助概况; 述评
　　中图分类号：
　　G 311
　　文献标识码： A
　　DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018132
　　Introduction to and comments on the research projects of reduced application and
　　increased efficacy of pesticides supported by National Key R & D
　　Program of China during the 13th Five-Year Period
　　XU Changchun
　　（Science and Technology Development Center， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Beijing 100122， China）
　　Abstract
　　Plant protection has been the foundation for food safety and sustainable agricultural development. Pesticides as important plant protection inputs promote modern agricultural development， while impose negative impacts on the environment and food security. In the context of green agricultural development， reduced application and increased efficacy of pesticides has become an important goal. During the 13th Five-Year Period， a National Key R & D Program of China titled “Research and development of integrated techniques for reduced application and increased efficacy of chemical fertilizers and pesticides” has been initiated， of which 40 research projects focus on reduced application and increased efficacy of pesticides. These projects are designed throughout the industrial chain and fall into three categories， i.e.， fundamental research， key technical development， and technical integration and demonstration. This paper introduced the background and contents of the research projects of reduced application and increased efficacy of pesticides， analyzed the main characteristics of the projects， provided an outlook of the achievements and made suggestions for project management.
　　Key words
　　National Key R & D Program of China; reduced application and increased efficacy of pesticides; plant protection; financial support; introduction and comments
　　農药施用是植物保护的一项重要手段。长期以来，包括农药在内的植保投入品为农业稳产高产做出了巨大贡献，有效解决了我国粮食安全问题。然而，我国化学农药过量施用较为严重，施药方法不够科学，农药有效利用率长期偏低，由此引发农产品残留超标、生产成本增加、环境污染等一系列问题[1]。“十三五”期间，国家重点研发计划“化学肥料和农药减施增效综合技术研发”试点专项启动，对农药减施增效的基础研究、关键技术研发、集成示范应用3个层次的项目予以资助，通过组织相关科研单位、推广部门、企业开展协同攻关，为实现农药减施增效目标提供科学依据。本文概述了“十三五”国家重点研发计划农药减施增效类项目立项情况，分析项目在布局设置、组织管理、落地实施等方面的主要特点，并对研发的成效进行展望，以期为相关科研人员和行业管理部门提供参考。

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“十三五”国家重点研发计划农药减施增效类项目述评

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