非限制性定语从句 [非限制性定语从句的两大重点]
时间：2020-02-23 07:33:09 来源：雅意学习网 本文已影响 人 
定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分。去掉它，主句意思往往不明确，与先行词之间不能用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。如：
I don’t like the way that you speak to her.（限制性定语从句）
我不喜欢你与她说话的方式。
He has two sisters，who are studying abroad.（非限制性定语从句）
他有两个姐姐，她们在国外留学。
一、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句，这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，那么用who，whom或whose 引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物，可用as或which 引导非限制性定语从句。这些关系代词在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。先行词表示时间或地点，且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用 when或where 来引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句中一般不能省略。
1. as 和 which
相同点：as和which在指代主句内容的非限制性定语从句中，表示依据、评论与表示事实、状态等没有多大差别，有时可以通用。如：
He is quite pleased，as／which can be seen from his face.
他很高兴，这从他的脸上可以看出来。
不同点：（1）as 有“正如；就像”之意，而 which 没有。
（2）as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首、句中或句末，而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于句末。
（3）如果非限制性定语从句是否定句，那么只能用 which 引导。
2. who 和whom
关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可用who代替whom，但whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时，不可用 who 来代替。如：
This is the girl whom I met in the street.（限制性定语从句）
先行词 the girl 在从句中作宾语，可用who代替whom。
A young man had a new girl friend，whom he wanted to impress.（非限制性定语从句）
先行词 a new girl friend 在从句中作宾语，不可用who代替 whom。
3.when 和 where
在非限制性定语从句中，当先行词在从句中作时间状语时，要用关系副词when；作地点状语时，要用关系副词where。这一点和限制性定语从句是一样的。如：
The story in the book takes place in Canada，where Doctor Bethune was born.
书中的故事发生在加拿大，白求恩大夫就是在那里出生的。
We will put off the outing until next week，when we won’t be so busy．
我们把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们就不会那么忙了。
4.不能引导非限制性定语从句的词
（1）非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能用that。
（2）非限制性定语从句的关系副词不能用why。
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省略，主句意思不完整或不明确；非限制性定语从句只是附加说明。
All the people were talking about the wonderful cloth the emperor had ordered to be woven.
所有人都在谈论皇帝命令要织的美布。
They set up a state of their own，where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
他们建立了自己的国家，在这里他们可以随意把黑人当作奴隶用。
2.限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与主句之间要用逗号隔开。
She is the nurse who looks after the children.
她是照看小孩子的护士。
The letter is from my elder sister，who is working in Beijing.
这封信是我姐姐写给我的，她在北京工作。
3.限制性定语从句可以用that引导，非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。
That is the very tool that we are looking for.
这正好是我们在找的工具。
I saw a good film，which was about the Long March.
我看过一部好电影，是关于长征的。
4.限制性定语从句一般只修饰先行词；非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰前面的整个句子或句子的一部分。
I have finished reading the novel that you lent me yesterday.
你昨天借给我的那本小说我已经看完了。
He suddenly fell ill，which prevented him from going to school.
他突然生病，不能去上学了。
5.限制性定语从句中的关联词作宾语时可省略，非限制性定语从句中的则不可省略。
I will never forget the day（that） we spent together there.
我永远不会忘记我们一起在那里度过的那一天。
His dog，which he liked very much，died yesterday.
他的爱狗昨天死了。
练习
1.They arrived at a farmhouse，in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
2.Li Ming，______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with whom B. with whom I went
C. with who I went D. I went with him
3.I lost a book，______I can’t remember now.
A. whose title B. its title
C. the title of it D. the title of that
4.Last summer we visited the West Lake，______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that
C. in which D. what
5.This machine，______ for many years，is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked
B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after
D. I have looked after
6.I have two grammar books，______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which
C. both of that D. both of which
7.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble，_______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
8. John got beaten in the game，_______ had been expected.
A. as B. that C. what D. who
参考答案 1~4 CBAA 5~8 BDBA
（责任编校/彭益）
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