宾语从句引导词 面对中考讲解宾语从句必不可少的教学步骤
时间：2019-05-15 03:24:33 来源：雅意学习网 本文已影响 人 
一 引导学生从最基础的句式结构讲起 教师应该引领学生从最基础的句式结构讲起，这样才能令学生更好更系统地掌握英语中的宾语从句。 第一，给出下列例句，提问画线部分在句中充当的成分。
Do you know him? （代词him可以作宾语）
Do you know the city?（名词city可以作宾语）
Do you know where he is?（句子where it is可以作宾语）
再如：Can you guess how old he is?
She says she is from the US.
I don’t know whose the T-shirt is.
第二，引出宾语从句的概念，让学生答出宾语从句的结构：疑问词＋主语＋其他部分。
第三，让学生练习寻找“主语”：
Who do you like best?（主语：you）
Who likes you best ?（主语：who，同时也是疑问词）
What can the children see?（主语：the children）
What is under the bed?（主语：what，同时也是疑问词）
让学生圈出下列句中的主语：
How old is he?/ How much are the clothes?/ What time is it?/ What’s the time?/ What day is today?/ Who is the man?/ What’s in the box？
继而呈现以下内容：
例1：普通疑问句：Where is Mary?（疑问词作主语）
宾语从句中的疑问句：I don’t know where Mary is.（疑问词做主语）
布置练习：
（1）I really don’t know .
A．how old he is B．how old is he
（2）Can you think ?
A．why her teacher is sad B．why is her teacher sad
（3）I don’t know .
A．what day is today B．what day today is
（4）Can you tell us ?
A．what the time is B．what is the time
二 引导学生注意宾语从句中的时态问题
首先，展示多选例题。
例2：She says Bill Gates .
A．will come tomorrow B．is coming tomorrow
C．came yesterday. D．comes every day
E．was playing computer at 9：00 F. has come
分析：学生很容易选D，他们认为，凡是宾语从句前后时态都必须一致。但是，正确答案应为ABCDEF。
其次，介绍重要概念。即：当宾语从句的主句是一般现在时的时候，从句可能出现任何时态。给出主句是一般过去时的宾语从句，让学生回答。例如：
（1）She said she her grandparents every Sunday.
A．saw B．sees
（2）She said she for Japan by air the next day.
A．will leave B．would leave
（3）A：——Your mother is waiting for you.
B：——I beg your pardon?
A：——I said your mother for you .
A．is waiting B．was waiting
（4）Mr Baker didn’t tell us if he come .
A．could B．can
最后，总结概念。当主句是过去时，从句变为相应的过去时态。
三 给出特例
尽人皆知的普遍现象、自然规律和客观真理，永远用一般现在时。
When I was a child I knew that the sun in the east.
A．comes B．came
My teacher said China in the east of Asia.
A．is B．was
Tom told us sheep grass.
A．ate B．eat
The teacher told us there seven days in a week.
A．were B．are
She told us light faster than sound .
A．went B．goes
四 呈现综合试题，检验学习效果
试题1：She didn’t tell us .
A．what does she do B．what she does
C．what did she do D．what she did
试题2：Sarah asked us . A．what day is today B．what day was today
C．what day was today D．what day today was
试题3：He didn’t tell us .——Oh，I know. He is reporter.
A．what did he do B．what he did
C．what does he do D．what he does
试题4：What did Mike say? He said .
A．if you are free the next week
B．what colour was it
C．the weather is fine
D．summer comes after spring
试题5：My friend wanted to know with his new cat.
A．what wrong is B．what is wrong
C．what wrong was D．what was wrong
关于确定疑问词的宾语从句试题：
He asked me I was interested in music .
A．if B．/ C．that D．which
学生很容易选成C，that，认为that可以连接从句。如果把that放到句中读一读会发现根本不是“ask me”的内容，
因此不通顺，属于病句。答案：if（是否）
改错：——Could you tell me who the girl is？
——She is a doctor .
学生会看出问句中的who出现了问题，因为答语：She is a doctor. 是回答职业，因此问句中疑问词不是who，而应为what这一点，许多同学会因为受汉语影响而答错。
五 结束语
综上所述，宾语从句是中考考查的重点也是难点，掌握好宾语从句的重要性不言而喻。教师在引导学生时，应该从简单句式入手，帮他们总结、归纳，分析句子结构，让学生做到考虑周全、不盲目下笔，从而答好关于宾语从句的各种试题。
〔责任编辑：陈晨〕
