长输管道施工中常用的专业英语词汇探析 常用服装专业英语词汇

　　摘 要: 在国外长输管道施工中用到的程序文件和施工规范等都是英语版本,而管道施工中用到的一些词汇往往与通用的英语词汇意思差别很大,有些是专业术语、行话,确实很难理解,本文作者根据多次国外施工中的经验,选出一些特色词汇进行探讨。
　　关键词: 国外施工 长输管道 专业英语词汇
　　
　　在国外长输管道施工中由于经常和业主、监理等打交道,施工中用到的程序文件和施工规范等很多都是英语版本,业务交流、各种形式的会议等都会用到英语,而管道施工中用到的一些词汇往往与通用的英语词汇意思差别很大,有些是专业术语,有些是行话,确实很难理解,造成误解和笑话,笔者根据多次国外施工中的经验和平时的收集积累,选出一些特色词汇进行探讨。
　　为了便于理解,笔者主要按照管道施工程序展开本文探讨部分常用的词汇。pipe alignment(setting out)是“放线之意”,即确定沿线路方向的管道实地安装的中心线位置,并划定管道施工界限的过程。field hand over stake不可按字面翻成在田野里移交树桩、应该是“现场交桩”之意,设计部门将所设计的管道控制桩、测量成果表及水准点资料在现场移交给施工单位。right-of-way意思是为管道施工临时征用的带状土地,其基本意思是路权,因为只有在得到土地所有者的书面授权下才能在该路段施工。没有接触过管道施工的人可能会翻译成“在路的右边”,这就会闹出笑话了。这是专业素质问题。
　　要施工首先要成立施工队伍,那么“施工队”英语就是:spread(The crew and equipment required to build a pipeline from an untouched right-of-way to the commissioning stage of the pipeline.),这个单词的基本意思是张开、伸展、延长和加宽的意思。施工工作人员沿着作业带分散开来将管子一根根焊接起来,用这个词来表示施工队就非常形象。clearing基本词义是清理,施工中意思是“扫线”:Members of the clearing crew transform the right-of-way into a suitable work area by clearing away land for the proposed route is in an area with no vegetation or encompasses an already cleared right-of-way,or corridor.
　　grading基本词义是等级,这里是“平整之意”:The purpose of grading is to provide a smooth and even work area and to facilitate the movement of equipment onto and along the right-of-way. High-or-low -ground areas may require cutting down or filling in to achieve a more uniform grade for the pipeline.string作名词讲是“线”,一串之意,作动词讲是串起、成串,引申为“布管”。一根根的管子沿着作业带分布开来,就像一根根线再连接起来,甚为形象生动。可以定义为:把运到现场的管子,逐根地分布于管道沿线的组装场地上的过程叫“布管”。line up是“对口”,按照规范要求,用专用器具将两端管子的管口对好。cutback本意是减少、剪修新芽,这里意为“焊接预留区域”:On pipe that has been mill coated ,a cutback of 6 to 9 inches is usually left at the end of the joint so that the coating does not interfere with the welding process.firing line是军事用语,火线和射击线的意思,火线组(安装石油运输管线工地的流水作业线),举例说明:In pipeline construction,the welding crew that takes over after the root pass and the hot pass have been made.The firing line is responsible for the filler pass and the cap bead,which complete the joint.
　　cap bead俗称“盖帽焊”,是管口焊接的最后一道工序,非常形象。tie-in是个合成词,tie本意是系、捆的意思;in的意思表示位置,合起来就是“连头”,碰死口的意思,就是把焊接完的不能移动的管段连接起来,进行对口和焊接。hot tie-in是“动火连头”:A weld made on a pipeline already in service. In the hot tie-in procedure,the gas from the line is purposely ignited at the point where the welding is to be done.Igniting the gas eliminates the chance that a spark could cause an explosion of gas and air. golden tie-in可不是什么金线连接,而是机组与机组之间或者承包商与承包商之间的管段连接。cover depth是“埋深”,例如:The measurement from the top of a pipe to ground level along a right-of-way. egging(out of roundness)本意是鸡蛋,名词动用,意思是变成鸡蛋形状了,即“失圆”了,管线焊接完毕后,要进行回填,如果回填不按照施工规范,一次回填过多或者焊接操作不当,导致管道变形了、不圆了,用鸡蛋这个词来形象比喻非常生动。
　　backhoe loader是一种前面像铲车一样有铲斗,后面有像挖沟机一样的齿斗,一台设备具有两种设备的功能,正式名称为“反铲挖土机”,俗称“两头忙”。back-actor可不是后背演员的意思,也是反铲挖土机之意。bell hole是指焊接操作坑,因为工人操作空间狭小,俗称鸡窝。例如:A widened and sloped section of the ditch where welders will work when doing a tie in.coating是“涂料”,即“防腐层”,比作给管口穿衣服。例如:The paint,plastic or dope the bare steel of the pipe is covered with from the factory or that is applied on the“Coating”crew. An anti-corrosion material applied to the pipe,during construction.deadman tractor需译为锚固拖拉机,千万不可按字面译为死人拖拉机,例句:A Deadman tractor used as an anchor for a pipe section(such as on lowering-in)or when winching equipment on steep slopes.
　　high boy是高板拖车的意思,而不是说高级(尚)男孩。例如:A conventional truck trailer with deck approximately 5 foot off the ground. low boy是指低底盘拖车,而不是地位卑下的男孩。例如:A low boy slung trailer used to haul heavy equipment.holiday本意假期,转义是漏点的意思,指涂层上没有涂到的空白处,包括裂缝、空心部分、夹有杂质部分和针孔等缺陷处。
　　holiday detector(also called jeep),不是什么假期检查员,而是检漏仪,检查防腐层是否有缺陷。用电火花检漏仪按规定的电压值对金属表面防腐层进行连续完整性检测的过程,例如:An electrical device used to locate a weak place,or holiday,in coatings on pipelines and equipment.
　　nightcap本意睡帽之意,延伸为“临时封堵之意”。例句:Nightcaps made out of material,plastic,wood etc to fit over and close off the end of the pipe to prevent entry of foreign material.“tow cat”不是什么拖拉猫,而是“拖管机械”,cat是caterpillar的缩写,本意毛毛虫,履带式爬行设备,多涂以黄色外壳,行走起来就像毛毛虫在爬行。例句:Tractor used to pull any equipment or vehicles stuck on the right of way.dead weight recorders意思是压力天平,千万不可译成死人或死人重量记录仪。elbow本意是手肘,引申为弯成一定角度的管道连接件,简称弯管,其弯曲部分长度等于弯曲半径与弯曲角弧度数之积。管道焊接完毕后,由于管子里面会有泥沙等异物,需要从头到尾将管子清理一遍或几遍,我们会将一个球(清管器)放进去通过空气压缩机,使清管器在管道内运行,从而将异物清出管子,我们把这一过程叫通球。那么这个球(清管器)的英语是pig,而不是ball,这个单词的基本意思是猪,那怎么会用这个词?因为最早美国人建管线使用的清管器与管壁摩擦发出吱吱叫声,很像猪发出的声音,大家就管清管器叫“pig”。不是石油行业的人很容易误解,记得有一次给外国公司的人讲我们要用他们的水试压,跟他们讲,要把一个球“pig”放进管道里去,然后利用空气压缩机推动清管器开始清理管道内的杂物,听讲解的人突然打断我的话,他说:“Excuse me,my friend,your company is very cruel,if you make use of the pigs enter the pipeline to clean the foreign matters,the oxygen is very lack of,the pigs will be dead,definitely not,you cannot save money like that. In that case,we cannot supply a drop of water to you.”经过笔者的解释,大家都笑了。这里就多介绍几个跟pig有关的词汇,pig trap不是为了逮猪而设的陷阱,而是清管器接收器。pig train此处为成串的清管器,例如:The pipeline will be filled with water utilizing a 2 possibly 3-pig train with,typically,a 500 meter long slug of water between the 1st,2nd and 3rd pigs. section purging用气体吹扫清除管段内的杂物。pipeline pigging是“通球扫线”,用具有一定压力的水或空气推动清管球以清除馆内杂物。repair of coating defect是“补伤”,指对防腐或保温层破损或漏涂处的修补作业。foreign matter不能翻译成“外国的事情”,而是引申成“异物”。heat-shrinkable sleeve是“热收缩套”,一种具有“记忆效应”的聚乙烯护套,内涂聚合物密封剂,加热到一定温度后均匀收缩,能牢固密封管道补口部位的管道补口材料。primer是“底漆”,为提高金属与防腐层的粘结性能,涂在金属表面上的基底涂料。sand blasting是“喷砂”,向金属表面喷射细沙或类似尺寸的硬质材料颗粒(如浮石、碳化硅或氧化铝等),利用高速沙流的冲击作用清理和粗化金属表面的过程。internal(line-up)clamp 内对口器,置于管子衔接处的内部并使管口保持固定位置和间隙的一种定位工具。open cut不是公开剪切,而是大开挖的意思。restoration是“地貌恢复”:The right-of-way will be restored to its original condition or better.使管道施工后破坏的地貌恢复到原始自然状态。pipe section lowering in通过专用吊具、将组装好的的管段放入管沟中。施工中肯定会临时找些人来工作,journeyman字面意思是旅游的人,旅游就会到处转,没有固定的地方,引申为临时工,倒是很有趣。
　　laying in one ditch是“同沟敷设”,两条或两条以上的管道,按设计要求敷设在同一条管沟的施工方法。Pipeline laying in embankment土堤敷设法,在管子上堆土,形成土堤,埋设管道的一种方法。primary backfill一次回填,为保证埋地管线不受损坏,管道下沟后首次用细软土回填管沟的过程。secondary backfill二次回填,在第一次回填是细软土上,再次将管沟回填到设计标高的过程。saddle weight压重块,按一定间距放置在水下管道上的用铸铁或混凝土制成的马鞍形或其他形状的压块。repair of coating defect指对防腐或保温层损坏或漏涂处的修补作业。catholic protection利用外加电压或与牺牲阳极相联,使工件进行阴极化从而减低腐蚀速率的方法。hydrostatic testing是“水压试验”:The most common final quality control check of the structural soundness of a pipeline. In this test,the line is filled with water and then pressured to a designated point. This pressure is maintained for a specific period of time,and any ruptures or leaks revealed by the test are repaired. The test is repeated until no problems are noted.
　　虽然管线施工技术有了巨大变化,但它的施工程序,一些基本的成熟的施工方法也还是在一直沿用,因此掌握基本的技术词汇,再结合生产实际,很快就会适应工作,特别是那些经常出国承担管线施工的技术人员非常必要,在工作中你用的词汇越专业,你的同行会越敬重你,对你的工作将会起到你想不到的帮助。
　　
　　参考文献:
　　[1]Pipeline Construction by Max Hosmanek edited by Cinda L.Cyrus Published by Petroleum Extension Service Division of Continuing Education The University of Texas at Austin,Texas ISBN 0 88698-096-8 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 84-60491.
　　[2]Piping Handbook by Mohinder L. Nayyar Seventh Edition.
　　[3]Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook (Quick and accurate solutions to your everyday pipeline problems) E.W.McAllister,Editor.Gulf Professional Publishing.

推荐访问:探析 英语词汇 管道 施工